Toda-Yamamoto implementation in ‘R’

When it comes to causality tests, the typical Granger-causality test can be problematic. Testing for Granger-causality using F-statistics when one or both time series are non-stationary can lead to spurious causality (He & Maekawa, 1999).  Professor Giles gives an excellent example of how the TY method can be implemented. More formal explanations can be found in […]

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